飞机燃油箱冷却惰化系统地面性能分析

设计了冷却惰化系统的工作流程并建立了地面状态下冷却惰化的数学模型,通过Modelica软件求解得到了油箱气相空间燃油蒸汽体积分数,燃油和气相空间温度以及制冷量随时间变化关系,并且研究了几个关键参数对惰化效果的影响。结果表明:随着抽气流量的增加和蒸发温度的降低,气相空间燃油蒸汽体积分数越低,气相空间温度也越低,达到冷却惰化的时间也越短,惰化效果也越好。虽然内热源对冷却惰化的效果起到了阻碍的作用,内热源越大,冷却惰化越难实现。但整体上看,冷却惰化是油箱惰化的一种可行替代方法。      

灭火弹气体发生器内流场数值模拟

为了提高灭火弹灭火性能,优化灭火弹结构设计,利用Fluent对灭火弹气体发生器内流场进行仿真计算,通过改变气体发生器开孔情况及发生剂参数调整弹内流场分布。计算结果显示:当首孔距离等于15倍气体发生器排气孔孔径时,灭火弹壳体近壁面存在5个大小相近且数值较高的压强峰,压力分布最利于灭火弹壳体预制孔槽破裂;灭火弹内气体发生器上排气孔对称性越强,发生器内压力分布越均匀。经过试验验证,仿真所得压力-时间曲线与试验测得数据吻合良好,说明该模型适用于灭火弹内流场仿真。      

重气体介质中超临界翼型跨声速流动特性

采用Peng-Robinson非理想气体状态方程模拟重气体介质的热力学特性,并与雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程结合,形成封闭的重气体介质流动模型。针对超临界翼型流动问题,利用LU-SGS（lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel）隐式时间推进格式和有限体积法,分别求解空气介质和重气体介质下的流动特性。数值模拟结果表明:在跨声速条件下重气体介质中超临界翼型的升阻力增大、超声速区域表面负压增加、边界层位移厚度减小、激波后移、表面摩擦阻力明显增大、后缘流动分离推迟。该研究为后续重气体介质中飞行器颤振特性研究及修正方法的发展提供了基础支持。      

Effects of traverse speed on weld formation,microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy joint by bobbin tool friction stir welding

ZK60B (Mg-6% Zn-0.6% Zr) alloy joints fabricated by bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) with various traverse speeds were investigated. The sound joint fabricated by the BTFSW was possible under the appropriate welding parameters. The severe plastic deformation during BTFSW resulted in dispersion and segregation of the Zr-rich particles within the stirred zone (SZ) followed by evolution of a bimodal grain structure with distributed bands of 0.8–1.7 μm ultrafine grains and 4.1–7.1 μm equiaxed grains. Micro-hardness of SZ is substantially reduced in contrast to that of parent metal (PM) in spite of the finer grain size owing to dissolution of Mg-Zn based precipitates having hardening effects on alpha-Mg matrix. With the decrease in traverse speed, randomization degree of the plasticized metal flow increases, which is evidenced by the randomized arc line pattern at the low traverse speed. Among all defect-free joints, the 200 mm/min joint exhibits the weakest isotropy of texture within SZ and the best tensile properties, which has reduced ultimate tensile strength and yield strength by 5.4% and by 22.2%, respectively, as compared to the PM. The randomized texture hinders the joint fracturing within SZ at low elongation. Therefore, a relatively high elongation of 10.8% was achieved, which corresponded to 72% of the PM value.     

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.     

平流层飞艇囊体气密层材料及氦气透过聚合物研究现状

 平流层飞艇是一种依靠主气囊充满轻于空气的气体的浮力在18～24 km高空工作的重要的低速近空间飞行器,飞艇囊体气密层材料的气体阻隔性能特别是对氦气的阻隔性能是确保平流层飞艇正常工作和延长驻空时间的关键技术。在介绍飞艇气囊工作原理的基础上,分析了平流层飞艇对囊体材料性能的要求,重点分析了对组成层压结构囊体的气密层材料的性能要求和选材依据,并对气体透过聚合物薄膜的一般过程和机理进行了阐述。详细归纳了国内外对用做浮空气体的氦气透过聚合物的研究现状,指出高阻隔气密层材料的国产化是中国发展平流层飞艇所面临的一个瓶颈问题。     

等离子体气动激励控制激波的实验研究

在机械式和气动式激波控制方法的基础上,提出了激波控制的等离子体气动激励方法。采用电弧放电等离子体气动激励方式,设计了电弧放电等离子体气动激励器,在小型暂冲式超声速风洞中开展了等离子体气动激励控制尖劈斜激波的实验研究。结果表明,等离子体气动激励能够有效控制激波。实验研究了磁场对激波控制效果的影响,结果表明施加磁场使得激波控制效果显著增强。从热效应机理角度出发,建立了等离子体气动激励控制激波的热阻塞模型,采用该理论模型预测的激波变化规律与实验结果一致,从而验证了热阻塞模型的合理性。由于等离子体气动激励方法具有响应迅速、控制灵活等优点,因此将成为激波控制领域一条新的有价值的技术途径。     

小间距梯形扰流柱通道内的流动换热数值计算

为了深入了解涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域的流动结构和换热情况,通过数值计算研究了小间距梯形扰流柱通道内的流动和换热.数值计算结果表明:①数值计算得到的端壁静压分布、弦向出流量分布、总压系数与实验结果符合良好,端壁换热分布规律总体上与实验结果一致.②扰流柱区域的流动方向基本为弦向.沿弦向湍流度是逐渐升高的,靠近弦向出口扰流柱后的湍流度比较低.数值计算结果对涡轮叶片内部冷却计算具有重要的参考价值.      

基于过程神经网络的航空发动机排气温度预测

从泛函分析的角度出发,将航空发动机排气温度预测问题转换为一种泛函逼近问题.利用过程神经网络对任意连续泛函的逼近能力,提出了一种基于过程神经网络的航空发动机排气温度预测方法.为克服过程神经网络学习速度慢的问题,为其开发了一种基于正交基函数展开的Levenberg-Marquardt学习算法.将所提出的预测方法应用到某型航空发动机的排气温度预测中,取得了满意的结果.      

燃气轮机双燃料燃烧室流场对比数值研究

针对燃气轮机环管型双燃料燃烧室分别燃用庚烷和裂解气燃料的情况,采用CFD(computa-tional fluid dynamics)技术对其燃烧流场进行对比研究.数值模拟采用了RNGk-ε湍流模型、化学平衡条件下的快速化学反应系统和简单概率密度函数(PDF)燃烧模型、液体燃料的喷雾模型以及SIMPLE算法.模拟对比分析了两种燃料燃烧下的温度分布、燃烧效率、流量分配、壁面冷却效果、空气过量系数等参数,以及它们随工况变化的趋势.所得结论如下:①不同燃料燃烧时,流场内的流量分配基本保持一致;②裂解气燃料燃烧时,其燃烧效率高出燃油状态约1%,但出口温度均匀性较差;③在加入相同化学焓值的燃料进入燃烧室时,裂解气燃料的头部空气过量系数α较大,所得到的出口平均温度低于燃油状态约20～40 K.